Format: Author(s). (Year). Title of article. Title of Journal in Italics, Volume number in italics(issue number), page numbers of article. DOI/URL
Example: Navarro-Cruz, G.E. & Luschei, T.F. (2018). International evidence on effective early childhood care and education programs: A review of best practices. Global Education Review, 5(2). 8+.
Place the author’s last name and the year in parenthesis. If the in-text citation is at the end of a sentence, place the period outside the parenthesis.
Example 1: Chickens have been known to cross roads (Jordon, 2017).
Example 2: Jordon (2017) discussed how chickens like to cross roads.
If a source has two authors, use an ampersand (&) between the names in the parenthesis. Use "and" when referring to the authors in the text of your paper. Include both names every time you cite the source.
Example 1: The chicken was forced to cross the road (Smith & Jones, 2013).
Example 2: Smith and Jones (2013) also discovered that the chicken crossed the road.
When a source has three or more authors, list the first author followed by et al. (Latin for "and others").
Example 1: The chicken was forced to cross the road (Adams et al., 2009).
Example 2: Adams et al. (2009) discovered who forced the chicken to cross the road.
When a source's author is a company, organization , or other group, the name of that group goes in the author position.
Example 1: The chicken was forced to cross the road (Stanford University, 2020)
Example 2: Stanford University (2020) discovered who forced the chicken to cross the road.
If a source has no author and is listed on the reference page by its title, use the first few words of the title and the year. Put double quotation marks ( " ) around article or chapter titles and italicize periodical and book titles. Unlike the reference page, the main words of the title should be capitalized.
Example of a book without an author given: The chicken made a conscious decision to cross the road (The Big Book of Chickens, 2015).
Example of an article with no author given: The chicken did not want to cross the road ("The Case of the Chicken and the Road," 2016).
When a source does not have a date listed, use n.d. in the in-text citation in place of the date.
Example of an article with no date given: Chickens often cross roads when they are hungry (Johnson et al., n.d.).
Example of an article with no author and no date given: Chickens first began their passage across the road in the late 11th century ("History of the Chicken," n.d.).
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